Announcement of Architectural and Structural Design Services Online

Civil Projects Online, Architecture Student, Archeng Designers and Kachchhi Constructions have announced Architectural, Structural and Interior design services online.

Who are they?
They are big group of Architectural, Civil Engineers, Interiors Designers, Architectural assistants, CAD technicians and graphics designers.

They are also providing services to help architecture students with their thesis projects by giving them guidance. It is now possible to talk to the architectural experts online via skype. Students have been showing great interest in this service.

Their design services include:
Designing anything and everything from small products to large townships.

• Structural Design
• Architectural Design
• Interior Design
• Furniture Design
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• Review of existing Architectural, Structural and Interior drawings
• Facility to arrange for an online meeting with architectural or structural design experts
• Expert assistance to Architecture students
• Drafting (Converting hand drawn, jpg image or pdf files to CAD files)

How to make a sphere in Google Sketchup?

Sketchup Tutorials!


Also, check out other videos related to Architecture and Civil Engineering....

www.youtube.com/1Architecturestudent

Amazing Structures | Architecture glorified!

Architecture Student Chronicles! 
Here's presenting another video on Amazing Structures. Every structure glorifies a unique architectural style.
Check it out.

Architectural Journey from Ancient to Modern Era

Architecture Student Blog!

The video presents amazing Architectural wonders built in different centuries portraying various Historic Architectural styles... We come to the realization that the place (city, country) is identified by the Architectural styles of its buildings...!

Dewatering Systems Design | Civil Engineering

Dewatering Systems Design

In the design of dewatering systems, well points or wells play a significant role. While designing a dewatering system, the number, size, spacing and penetration of the well points or wells have to be determined.

The above mentioned parameters depend on the following:

• Expected rate of discharge
• Soil type
• Drawdown in the wells

There should be a proper arrangement made. Collectors and pumps having sufficient capacity are to be installed on the site for the intended purpose.

Darcy’s law is used to compute the rate of discharge. It is of utmost importance to establish a fundamental relationship between the discharge and the corresponding drawdown.

Assumptions:

The stratum is homogenous and isotropic in nature.

The flow of water is continuous and steady.

Equations for the rate of discharge and corresponding drawdown for different types of wells are developed in the following sections.

The well may be either gravity well or artesian well. A gravity well penetrates a homogenous, pervious stratum aquifer in which the water table is located. An artesian well penetrates a homogenous, pervious stratum which is bounded by impervious strata above and below and in which the piezometric surface is an artesian well falls below the top of the pervious stratum.

The equations developed may also be used for the determination of discharge from wells for irrigation and other purposes. However, such wells are constructed for supplying water and not drainage. In this text, the use of wells for drainage is of main concern.

Also check out:

Drainage and Dewatering 

Electro-Osmosis | Building Construction

What is Electro-Osmosis? | Civil Engineering

Electro Osmosis is a method of drainage of cohesive soils in which a direct current is used. When a direct current Is passed through a saturated soil between a positive electrode (anode) and a negative electrode (cathode), pore water migrates to the cathode.

The cathode is a well point which collects the water drained from the soil. The water collected is discharged, as in a conventional well point system.

Before you proceed with the post on "Electro-osmosis", check out the following articles on Well Points and Well Systems.

• Single Stage Well Points

• Multi-stage Well Points

• Vacuum Well Points

• Shallow Well System

• Deep Well System

• Horizontal Wells

The phenomenon of electro-osmosis can be explained with the help of the electrical double layer. Cations are formed in pore water when the dissolved minerals go into solution. These cations move towards the negatively charged surface of clay minerals to satisfy the electrical charge. As the water molecules acts as dipoles, the cations also attract the negative end of dipoles. When the cations move to the cathode, they take with them the attracted water molecules.

In fact, the entire outer part of the diffuse double layer which is loosely adsorbed to the soil particles gets sheared along a plane.

Anodes are in the form of steel rods located near the toe of the slope of the excavation. Cathodes are in the form of perforated pipes, resembling well points, installed in the soil mass about 4 to 5m away from the slope of the cut.

The electrodes are so arranged that the natural direction of flow of water is reversed and is directed away from excavation. This arrangement is required to prevent sloughing of the slopes. In many cases, mere reversing of the direction of flow helps in increasing the stability of the slope even if there is no significant decrease in the water content of the soil.

The system requires about 20 to 30 amperes of electricity per well at a voltage of 40 to 180. The consumption of energy is between 0.5 to 10 kWh/m³ of soil drained. Because of specialised equipment and high electricity consumption, drainage by electro-osmosis is expensive compared with other methods. The drain water in a cohesive soil of low permeability (k=1x10^-5 to 1x10^-8m/sec)

Electro-osmosis also helps in increasing the shear strength of the cohesive soil.

Horizontal Wells | Civil Engineering Projects

Horizontal Wells | Building Construction and Design

In our previous series of articles regarding Well Systems and Well Points, we have covered the following:

• Single stage Well Points
• Multi-stage Well Points
• VacuumWell Points
• Shallow Well System
• Deep Well System

Now we will move on with our discussion on "Horizontal Wells".

Horizontal wells of about 5cm to 8cm diameter have been used for drainage of hill sides. These wells are drilled into the hill at a slightly upward slope. A perforated casing is installed in the well to collect and discharge water.

Horizontal wells have been successfully installed for horizontal length of 60m.

Large horizontal tunnels have also been successfully used to tap deep aquifers beneath hill sides.

A combined system of vertical wells and horizontal wells can be used to drain stratified soil deposits. In this system, the vertical wells intercept the aquifer and discharge the water into the horizontal well. The water collected by the horizontal well is discharged at a suitable point.